Empaty Lacking Essay - 1662 Words

Jomel Sodusta Professor Wilkinson English 111 16 November 2013 Apathy-Mantra-Death; Apathy-Empathy-Healing William D. Tammeus, a journalist, once wrote that â€Å"You don’t really understand human nature unless you know why a child on a merry-go-round will wave at his parents every time around – and why his parents will always wave back.† This quote beautifully paints a picture of the natural love present between a parent and child. However, sometimes this love becomes obscured and a disconnection occurs that prevents the parent from empathy. The stories â€Å"Two Kinds, and â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner† show that a parent’s lack of empathy impacts the child’s search for the self in the following phases: first, the search for the self is stunted†¦show more content†¦I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, and I tried each one on for size† (Tan 405). However as the time passes by, the mother’s tests driven by a lack of empathy begins to suffocate and stunt the search for the self within Jing-mei. She recalls, â€Å"And after seeing, once again, my mothers disappointed face, something inside me began to die† (Tan 406). As her search for the self is suffocated to its threshold, Jing-mei stands in front of the mirror. Here her search for the self is completely buried and replaced with mantras, â€Å"filled with lots of wont’s. I wont let her change me†¦ I wont be what Im not† (Tan 406). In the second stage, the mantra intensifies and this can be observed in Paul as his mother continues to deprive him of her empathy. While Paul’s search for the self is deeply buried, his initial mantra does get him the luck he is searching for. He wins five thousand pounds to secretly give to his mother. This is an important and emotional gift to her because â€Å"He was very anxious to see the effect of the birthday letter†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lawrence 359). This is an open window for Paul’s healing and recovery of the self if she could muster some emotion and empathy for his efforts. Instead, she leaves him still deprived. â€Å"When Paul watched her face as she read the letters†¦ her face hardened and became more expressionless† (Lawrence 359). Asking for one last chance to see emotion capable of love and empathy on her mother’s face, Paul asks,

Analysis Of The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian

The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian essay Mentors are people who provide support, strength, and inspiration. Many people have a mentor in their life that they aspire to be like, and seek out for guidance. Mentors play a big role in many lives, including Juniors from The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie. Some of the biggest mentors for Junior are his parents, his Wellpinit teacher Mr. P and his Rearden basketball coach. If it werent for these mentors inspiration and support, Junior wouldnt have taken some of the risks he does. For Junior, one of his biggest role models are his parents. They supported him through tough times and gave him the support, love, and reassurance he needed when faced†¦show more content†¦Ready to walk through the crap with me.† (Alexie 143) This shows all they are willing to do for their sons well being. Juniors parents are some of the biggest mentors in his life because of all they have done for him. Another mentor in Juniors life is his Wellpinit teacher Mr. P. Mr.P demonstrates great understanding, encouragement and regret towards Junior and his people. Mr. P’s understanding was shown shortly after a mishap where Junior throws a textbook at him in frustration, after finding his mothers name written in it. Instead of getting angry at Junior he is rather understanding. He knows Junior only threw it in anger at the fact he cant learn from new curriculums, Junior is someone who wants more in his education, this is seen when he says â€Å"And let me tell you, that old, old, old decrepit geometry book hit my heart with the force of a nuclear bomb. My hopes and dreams floated up in a mushroom cloud.† Instead of getting mad, Mr. P understands Juniors want for education. Lastly, Mr.P is the one who recognized Juniors intelligence and pushes him to find hope in a new school. This was shown when he says â€Å"Son,’ Mr.P said. ‘Youre going to find more an d more hope the farther and farther you walk away from this sad, sad, sad reservation.† (Alexie 43) Thanks to Mr. P’s encouragement Junior makes the decision to attend Reardan, where he meets wonderful people,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of An Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian1262 Words   |  6 PagesThis rhetorical analysis will bring you through the How to Fight Monsters chapter of Sherman Alexies story : An Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian. This book is a semi-autobiography that won the 2007 U.S. National Book Award For Young Peoples Literature. This story is about an Indian boy from a poor reservation with an alcoholic father, who wishes for a better life. In order to achieve this better life, Junior decides to move to another school in order to have hope for his futureRead MoreAnalysis Of The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian1040 Words   |  5 Pagesmake greatness. The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian by Sherman Alexie brings us into the life of a young boy who was an outsider from the day he was born. The reader learns about the struggles of a child growing up on the Spokane Reservation. The readers watch his world fall apart while he is trying to build on it. While reading the reader is educated on the beliefs of many characters about hope. This essay breaks the surface of hope and reaches deep to find the true meaning. Junior believesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part-Time Indian900 Words   |  4 PagesArnold is a young teenager who lives on an indian reservation where he finds it difficult to find hope and feels as if he means nothing to anybody.Throughout the book he describes many of the issues faced in his tribe and why they occur so much in numerous ways.He has a difficult time keeping a high self esteem because of the harsh conditions that he has to live in day by day.The conditions can be described as a generational curse   due to many things they go through and long it has been going onRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part-Time Indian815 Words   |  4 Pagesworld. In the novel â€Å"The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian† by Sherman Alexie he talks about a poor Indian boy with special effects who overcomes the most difficult obstacles if his life. The novel should be a teaching tool for children not only the kids with difficult lives but also to the wealthy kids. In the article â€Å"why the Best kids Book Are written in Blood† by Sherman Alexie it says â€Å" and had been inspired by my autobiographical story of a port reservation Indian boy and his desperateRead MoreAbsolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian Theme Analysis708 Words   |  3 PagesWhen achieving things in life, you will need to have hope. In the novel, â€Å"Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian† author Sherman Alexie demonstrates the theme of hope. Sherman Alexie demonstrates the theme of hope through the characters; Mr. P, Junior and Penelope. Through these characters and plot events, it is clear that if you have hope and follow your dreams, you will succeed. First of all, Mr. P has shown the theme of hope through his wise words, horrible past and his hopefulness to changeRead MoreAbsolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Analysis Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesShort Answer Questions Leslie Silko has said that If we Indians do not represent our communities as we see them, then others ...will concoct fantasies that pass for the truth. What truths does Alexie represent in his novel about Indian communities? The audience discovers there are many truths between the ‘Indian communities’ that Sherman Alexie describes in his novel. One truth is the fact that in American Indian communities, inhabitants feel a loss of culture due to the mainstream items thatRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part-Time Indian Revenge Analysis860 Words   |  4 Pagesdrive characters, cut loose ends, and sometimes, end a story. In the story â€Å"The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian† One of the most prominent examples of this is Rowdey. He is extremely hurt by the fact that our main character, Junior, is going to a different school that he lashes out quite often. Revenge can commonly be a response to anger, whether it was called for or not. â€Å"And then I noticed that the only Indian who hadn’t turned his back on me was Rowdy. He was standing on the other endRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherman Alexies The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part-Time Indian867 Words   |  4 Pages Persistive In Sherman Alexie’s The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, perspective is the driving factor for all of it’s characters, influencing their belief in themselves and their freedom to either achieve their dreams or be trapped by their reality. The majority of Mary’s life is a depressing reality for many who call the Rez their home, however Mary’s long awaited escape actually results in an almost identical life, but a different attitude. Despite the striking similarities betweenRead MoreAnalysis of The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie805 Words   |  4 PagesThe Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian which was written by Sherman Alexie, combines humor and tragedy to tell a first-person narrative story of Arnold Spirit Jr., a 14-year-old Native American teenager, and the events in his life about pursuing his dreams. This book is a semi-autobiographical novel and it has won the 2007 U.S. National Book Award for Young Peoples Literature and the Odyssey Award as best 2008 audiobook for young people. The language in this book is simple, humorous andRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherman Alexies The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part-Time Indian1175 Words   |  5 PagesThe Absolutely True Dia ry of a Part-Time Indian, reveals one of life’s most relevant purposes that stretches across cultural and relates to every person. The novel examines the life of the strong-willed Arnold also known as Junior who goes constantly back and forth with his identity as he lives between Arnold and Junior. Identity is most simply defined as a persons own sense of self, their personal sense of who they are. In this essay research was gathered from the novel; The Absolutely True Diary

Leadership in Business Visionary Leadership In Business

Question: Discuss about the Leadership in Business for Visionary Leadership In Business Schools? Answer: Introduction Almog-Bareket (2012) has opined that production is the accumulation of land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship and in this regards, leadership is the primary factor that makes everything work together seamlessly. Therefore, it can be stated that without leadership all the business resources are ineffective. In order to understand the impact of the major organizational exchanges on the corporate team of the selected corporation, a detailed style on the changed leadership style has been analyzed. For this particular research work, Big Brothers Big Sisters of America (BBBSA) has been taken into consideration. It has been seen that the company has suffered due to the relocation of their headquarters twice in the last three years and this affected the company growth as well as the displacement of the countless employees. Apart from that, it has also been found that the three CEO of the company have changed since 2009 and this has affected the company unsurprisingly. Therefore, the task aims to analyze the impact of the major organizational changes in the corporate team of the selected company and to provide some of the effective recommendations to deal with the situation carefully. Current situation in Big Brothers Big Sisters of America (BBBSA) Big Brothers and Big Sisters of America is one of the oldest as well as largest youth mentoring organizations in the United States. This organization mentors children, all ages in the communities across the country. Avolio et al. (2013) have said that it seldom happens that a reputed nonprofit organization moves its headquarters and this is more unusual when this incident takes place twice within a few years. Reports have stated that this non-profit organization left Philadelphia headquarter in 2013 for Irving , Texas, moving into a multifaceted owned by one of its biggest associates and that also housed BBBS International. However, it has been seen that the headquarters of this organization hit the road for Tampa just after two years. It has been observed that Pam Iorio, the CEO of the company stated that the move to Tampa was a great part, so there could be a long-term continuance of management. After OIG audit, it was tough for the company to raise fund and one of the major reason s for shifting the new area was due to this issue. However, it has been found that the organization was saving money in Tampa through a rent free five-year lease. However, a move from Philadelphia to Irving came soon just after a new CEO was hired (Gerstner Day, 1997). Therefore, it has been seen that this organization has changed its headquarter with the change of their CEO (Start Something for a child today-Big Brothers Big Sisters, 2016). Issues in relocating its corporate headquarters in the last 3 years It has been seen that there are almost 200,000 volunteers engaged in Big Brothers and Big Sister of America and they are highly productive as well as happy with their services. Pam Iorio, the CEO of this non-profit organization stated that the relocation of their headquarter in Tampa will undoubtedly grow as well as prosper in the positive business and philanthropic climate. It is important to mention that this organization is one of the leading nonprofit organizations and thus they want to move to such places that are comparatively less costly. Therefore, from the company viewpoint, it can be said that the organization has adopted right decision but from the employee viewpoint, relocating of headquarter has hampered the organization to some extent (Graen Uhl-Bien, 1995). Moreover, it can be said that the change in CEO depicts the change in leadership style and this change as well affect the performance of the employees. The organizational structures of the company depend on the CEO of the company and change in leadership style leave impact on the employee performance. Therefore, the employees are required to cope up with the new as well as changed nature of leadership and this has decreased the productivity level of the employees in the workplace (Hoption, 2014). Three leadership changes during the last 6 years Previously Charles Pierson and Pam Iorio was the CEO of this nonprofit organization named Big Brothers Big Sisters and at present Micheal Lawrence has served the post of CEO. From news, it has been seen that with the change of CEOs, headquarter of this organization hasshifted and this is one of the major issues of the company. The changed nature of leadership has affected the work procedure of the employees largely and this is no doubt one of the major concerns for the employees (Jiang et al., 2014). Impact of major organizational changes on the corporate team at BBBSA Leader-member relationship is one of the strong relationships that are discussed at the time of a newly appointed leader. From the reports and news, it has been seen that the CEOs of this non-profit organization have been changed largely and this affected the leadership style of the organization from several perspectives. Therefore, it can be stated that the company is required to look at leader-member relationship along with its quality and characteristics and the exchanges between a leader and their subordinates as being the construct of leadership. Different leaders have different leadership style and this change the organizational structure of the company. As BBBSA is one of the largest volunteer organizations, it is obvious enough to say that the changed nature of leadership has affected the volunteers. Apart from the changed nature of leadership, relocation of the headquarters as well has demotivated the volunteers (Kangas, 2013). Kelley (1988) has said that the companys success or failure, compete or crumble, entirely depends on the basis of how they are led. Therefore, it is required to look at the great leaders of the company in the past and in present in order to understand the changes in the organization. In case of leadership, it is important to mention that followership of the volunteers is one of the important components of leadership and thus it helps the volunteers to broaden their perceptions about followership and promote followership behaviors that actively contribute to the concerned organization (Voegtlin, Patzer Scherer, 2012). Parris Peachey (2013) have opined that bosses or the higher executives are not necessarily good leaders and at the same time, they are not importantly effective followers as well. Therefore, it can be said that followership cannot dominate the thinking process of the employees because preoccupation with leadership keeps employees from considering the nature and the importance of the followers. Riggio (2014) has clearly demonstrated in his work that the being volunteer is a different occupation from other employment types and most of the volunteers get engaged to this profession keeping in mind an idol. Therefore, the leadership in the organization is required to be in such a manner that can make an employee highly enthusiastic, intelligent and self-reliant participation (Voegtlin, Patzer Scherer, 2012). Recommendations After going through the present condition of this nonprofit organization, it can be said that the volunteers, as well as the employees of this organization, are going through two major issues and this has been affecting their services. After analyzing the situation, it can be recommended that the company can expand their branches in different parts, but they must not relocate their branches. These fast changes raise a sense of uncertainty among the employees and the service receivers. The CEO of the company as well as the management of this organization is required to look at this part carefully from the employee perspective (Voegtlin, Patzer Scherer, 2012). Apart from that, it can be stated that the changed style, as well as nature of leadership, has affected the performance of the employees of the company. The employees once get accustomed to one style of direction and then it is tough for them to change their activities with the fast change of the leadership style. It has been seen that three CEO of this organization have changed since 2009 and no doubt it has affected the corporate team. Once the employees of the organization get accustomed to one leadership style, another style of the newly appointed CEO forces the employees to change the approach. Therefore, this part is required to take care of immediately, in order to bring stability in the overall process of the company activities (Riggio, 2014). Conclusion After completion of the entire task, it has been found that Big Brothers Big Sisters of America has suffered in some cases due to the impact of some major organizational changes on the corporate team. The two major moves related to the headquarter in 3 years have cost millions of dollars and this has affected the financial stability of this nonprofit organization. Moreover, the three CEO changes since 2009 have also influenced the corporate team of the company negatively. Addressed issues in the organizations have been analyzed and evaluated through detailed analysis and based on the analysis, some of the effective recommendations have been provided to the management of the company in order to deal with the situation carefully. References Almog-Bareket, G. (2012). Visionary leadership in business schools: an institutional framework.Journal of management development,31(4), 431-440. Avolio, Bruce J., Francis J. Yammarino, eds.(2013) Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing, 2013. Gerstner, C. R., Day, D. V. (1997). Meta-Analytic review of leadermember exchange theory: Correlates and construct issues.Journal of applied psychology,82(6), 827. Graen, G. B., Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. The leadership quarterly,6(2), 219-247. Hoption, C. (2014). Learning and Developing Followership.Journal of Leadership Education,13(3). Jiang, J. Y., Law, K. S., Sun, J. J. (2014). LeaderMember Relationship and Burnout: The Moderating Role of Leader Integrity. à ©Ã‚ ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‚  à ¦Ã‹â€ Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‹Å"à ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ³Ãƒ §Ã‚ ³Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã… ½Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ±Ã… ¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ½Ã…“à ¥Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¡ à ©Ã‚ ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ­Ã‚ £Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ´Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ °Ã†â€™Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ §Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ½Ã…“à §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ¨.Management and Organization Review,10(2), 223-247. Kangas, H. M. (2013). The development of the LMX relationships after a newly appointed leader enters an organization.Human Resource Development International,16(5), 575-589. Kelley, R. E. (1988).In praise of followers(pp. 1-8). Harvard Business Review Case Services. Parris, D. L., Peachey, J. W. (2013). A systematic literature review of servant leadership theory in organizational contexts.Journal of business ethics,113(3), 377-393. Riggio, R. E. (2014). Followership Research: Looking Back and Looking Forward.Journal of Leadership Education,13(4). Start Something for a child today-Big Brothers Big Sisters. (2016). Bbbs.org. Retrieved 11 March 2016, from https://www.bbbs.org/ Voegtlin, C., Patzer, M., Scherer, A. G. (2012). Responsible leadership in global business: A new approach to leadership and its multi-level outcomes. Journal of Business Ethics,105(1), 1-16.

Random Drug Testing for Collage Athletes

Table of Contents Abstract The minimum story on the topic Information needed to address the topic more fully Extra requirements and its effects References Abstract Today there is a continual abuse of drugs by intercollegiate athletes even after some drug-induced deaths such as that of a basketball star at the University of Maryland U.S in 1986. Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Random Drug Testing for Collage Athletes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The drug testing programs have shifted tactic to randomization and every year approximately 250 players undergo the test each season. (Goldberg, 2009) The athletes remain informed of the necessary measures of testing. Randomized testing program is today a subject of criticism considering the failures and embarrassment suffered during participation. It is equally a source of panic among athletes and their couches, for instance a Florida couch took away his ent ire team from a hotel because of some smell of Marijuana emanating from adjacent rooms for fear of them failing the randomized drug tests, prior to their games on probabilities of the smoke finding its way to the players’ system. (Fertman, 2008)There are many instances when team physicians have failed to administer medication to athletes on the same fear of traces of some banned ingredients during the random drug tests. The drug testing procedures are mostly undertakings occurring through analysis of urine samples. Since the random tests take place between play, the issue of dehydration, a common phenomenon among participating athletes never get the required consideration. This mechanism of testing is a serious predicament considering the problems associated with passing of urine while one is dehydrated. According to Borts and Bowers (2000), occurrences of violent short-term illnesses are common phenomenon especially when such athletes try to gulp down some water or soft dri nks to meet test requirements. These measures face criticism because drug abuse is a common experience among athels since time in memorial and the authorities ought to come up with proper measures of curbing the vice other than rushing the last minute during play. As an inherent vice in the society, drug abuse requires programmed countermeasures to handle it as a societal and not a sport related undesirable quality of life. Arguably, by relating their concerns to the intercollegiate athletes, the involved parties indicate that the authorities concerned are trying to express their apprehensions over a societal problem other than solving the problem. Politically the athletes are able to offset the routine checkups and thus anxiety of authorities. The question imposed on the randomized tests of athletes involves the legality of the action for instance, under most constitutional laws, mandatory urine tests are impermissible invasion of privacy. (Goldberg, 2009) The authorities on the other hand have supported the expedient as a determinant over drug usage in the athletic commune.Advertising Looking for term paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The minimum story on the topic The incidents of so termed â€Å"drug abuse† among most college athletes involves right usage of drugs such as anabolic steroids. This is the reason why volunteered drug tests can result to positive identification of documented ingredients. Probably the random testing would be disincentive compared to common procedure of testing. The ability to detect drugs usage during common tests is a good indication and practice that detection is not an efficient procedure for elimination of usage among college athletes. The uses of performance enhancing drugs have been there fore decades. The â€Å"International Olympics Committee† has placed measures to ban usage for support of a fair play. The initial ban invol ved common substances such as â€Å"anabolic steroids† or â€Å"amphetamines†. Today the control of drugs has supervision from other bodies such as the National Collegiate Athletic Associations (NCAA) that introduces extra rules for drug-testing programs and bans. (Fertman, 2008) This has catalyzed a dramatic rise on the number of banned substances as a measure to find new ways of stiffening competition or minimizing the competitive edge. Information needed to address the topic more fully There is need to determine the routine and importance of the procedure undertaken by the NCAA in promotion of drugs usage program presumably to enhance better understanding among athletes and promote avoidance techniques. (Fertman, 2008) Despite the regulations, drug usage among college athletes is currently in the increase and is in greater relation to the fear of appraisal as opposed to repercussions. The use of anabolic steroids among college athletes might not be an accurate meth od of determining risk of drug usage. Some of these cases of college students continue to test positive of the drugs because they have taken them for the right reasons. Drug abuse remains a serious concern among many especially for the concept of integrity and fair play in particular the highly competitive events. The only measures of eliminating the acts remain upon the testing programs and penalties imposed over detection. However, there is urgent need for drugs educational programs as a further attempt to curtail usage of the illegal substances with the aim of empowerment. Extra requirements and its effects There is lack of proper measures regarding the testing mechanisms, especially the random test procedures. The authorities lack to consider some aspects such as the metabolic rate during activities. Secondly, the procedure may contravene the human rights due to the style of undertaking. Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Random Drug Testing for Collag e Athletes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is need to determine the right procedures to undertake during abuse testing procedures, which should be governed by some written rules and regulations. Lastly is the importance of continual testing and education as opposed to the random test during play. Testing procedures alone will not be deterrent enough to eradicate the act among the college athletes. References Borts, D. J. Bowers, L. D. (2000). Direct measurement of urinary testosterone and epitestosterone conjugates using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 35, 50-61. Fertman, C.L. (2008) Student-Athlete Success: Meeting the Challenges of College Life. Jones Bartlett Publishers Goldberg, R. (2009). Drugs across the Spectrum. New York, NY. Cengage Learning Publishers. This term paper on Random Drug Testing for Collage Athletes was written and submitted by user Camron K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Write a Perfect Occupational Therapist Resume

How to Write a Perfect Occupational Therapist Resume as the medical professionals who often (quite literally) get patients back on their feet, occupational therapists are more ins)How to Write a Perfect Occupational Therapist ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Physician Assistant Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Receptionist Resume (Examples Included)How to Create a Perfect Retail ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Sales Associate Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Social Worker Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Truck Driver Resume (With Examples)

Max and Inflection Points of Chi-Square Distribution

Max and Inflection Points of Chi-Square Distribution Mathematical statistics uses techniques from various branches of math to prove definitively that statements regarding statistics are true. We will see how to use calculus to determine the values mentioned above of both the maximum value of the chi-square distribution, which corresponds to its mode, as well as find the inflection points of the distribution.   Before doing this, we will discuss the features of maxima and inflection points in general. We will also examine a method to calculate a maximum the inflection points. How to Calculate a Mode with Calculus For a discrete set of data, the mode is the most frequently occurring value. On a histogram of the data, this would be represented by the highest bar. Once we know the highest bar, we look at the data value that corresponds to the base for this bar. This is the mode for our data set.   The same idea is used in working with a continuous distribution. This time to find the mode, we look for the highest peak in the distribution. For a graph of this distribution, the height of the peak is a y value. This y value is called a maximum for our graph because the value is greater than any other y value. The mode is the value along the horizontal axis that corresponds to this maximum y-value.   Although we can simply look at a graph of a distribution to find the mode, there are some problems with this method. Our accuracy is only as good as our graph, and we are likely to have to estimate. Also, there may be difficulties in graphing our function. An alternate method that requires no graphing is to use calculus. The method we will use is as follows: Start with the probability density function f (x) for our distribution.  Calculate the first and second derivatives of this function: f (x) and f (x)Set this first derivative equal to zero f (x) 0.Solve for x.Plug the value(s) from the previous step into the second derivative and evaluate. If the result is negative, then we have a local maximum at the value x.Evaluate our function f (x) at all of the points x from the previous step.  Evaluate the probability density function on any endpoints of its support. So if the function has domain given by the closed interval [a,b], then evaluate the function at the endpoints a and b.The largest value in steps 6 and 7 will be the absolute maximum of the function. The x value where this maximum occurs is the mode of the distribution. Mode of the Chi-Square Distribution Now we go through the steps above to calculate the mode of the chi-square distribution with r degrees of freedom. We start with the probability density function f(x) that is displayed in the image in this article. f (x) K xr/2-1e-x/2 Here K is a constant that involves the gamma function and a power of 2. We do not need to know the specifics (however we can refer to the formula in the image for these). The first derivative of this function is given by using the product rule as well as the chain rule: f ( x ) K (r/2 - 1)xr/2-2e-x/2 - (K / 2) xr/2-1e-x/2 We set this derivative equal to zero, and factor the expression on the right-hand side: 0 K  xr/2-1e-x/2  [(r/2 - 1)x-1 - 1/2] Since the constant K, the exponential function and xr/2-1   are all nonzero, we can divide both sides of the equation by these expressions.   We then have: 0 (r/2 - 1)x-1 - 1/2 Multiply both sides of the equation by 2: 0 (r - 2)x-1 - 1 Thus 1 (r - 2)x-1 and we conclude by having x r - 2. This is the point along the horizontal axis where the mode occurs.   It indicates the x value of the peak of our chi-square distribution. How to Find an Inflection Point with Calculus Another feature of a curve deals with the way that it curves. Portions of a curve can be concave up, like an upper case U. Curves can also be concave down, and shaped like an   intersection symbol ∠©. Where the curve changes from concave down to concave up, or vice versa we have an inflection point. The second derivative of a function detects the concavity of the graph of the function. If the second derivative is positive, then the curve is concave up. If the second derivative is negative, then the curve is concave down. When the second derivative is equal to zero and the graph of the function changes concavity, we have an inflection point. In order to find the inflection points of a graph we: Calculate the second derivative of our function f (x).Set this second derivative equal to zero.Solve the equation from the previous step for x. Inflection Points for the Chi-Square Distribution Now we see how to work through the above steps for the chi-square distribution. We begin by differentiating. From the above work, we saw that the first derivative for our function is: f (x) K (r / 2 - 1) xr/2-2e-x/2 - (K / 2) xr/2-1e-x/2 We differentiate again, using the product rule twice. We have: f ( x ) K (r / 2 - 1) (r / 2 - 2)xr/2-3e-x/2 - (K / 2)(r / 2 - 1)xr/2-2e-x/2 (K / 4) xr/2-1e-x/2 - (K / 2)(r / 2 - 1) xr/2-2e-x/2 We set this equal to zero and divide both sides by Ke-x/2 0 (r/2 - 1)(r/2 - 2)xr/2-3 - (1 / 2)(r/2 - 1)xr/2-2 (1/ 4) xr/2-1 - (1/ 2)(r/2 - 1) xr/2-2 By combining like terms we have: (r/2 - 1)(r/2 - 2)xr/2-3 - (r/2 - 1)xr/2-2 (1/ 4) xr/2-1 Multiply both sides by 4x3 - r/2, this gives us: 0 (r - 2)(r - 4) - (2r - 4)x x2. The quadratic formula can now be used to solve for x. x [(2r - 4) /- [(2r - 4)2 - 4  (r - 2)(r - 4) ]1/2]/2 We expand the terms that are taken to the 1/2 power and see the following: (4r2 -16r 16) - 4 (r2 -6r 8) 8r - 16 4(2r - 4) This means that: x [(2r - 4) /- [(4(2r - 4) ]1/2]/2 (r - 2) /- [2r - 4]1/2 From this we see that there are two inflection points. Moreover, these points are symmetric about the mode of the distribution as (r - 2) is halfway between the two inflection points. Conclusion We see how both of these features are related to the number of degrees of freedom. We can use this information to help in the sketching of a chi-square distribution. We can also compare this distribution with others, such as the normal distribution. We can see that the inflection points for a chi-square distribution occur in different places than the inflection points for the normal distribution.

Link between Law, Democracy, and Governement Essay

Link between Law, Democracy, and Governement - Essay Example Democracy does not concentrate on an individual’s opinion. The United States Government, though having republic states in it, the continuous violation of laws and the struggle of the employees seem to have created a unfaithful atmosphere for the employee surrounding. The link that goes in between law, democracy and the government policies focuses on an imbalanced situation where only least benefits are visible for the employee community. The survey reports given in some of the journals, magazines and in websites show us the consequences as well as the root causes for such an imbalanced attitude going amidst the government and the employees. The overall estimation is that the United In general all forms of democratic government depends on their acceptance of population be it aggregative or deliberative or participatory. The United State Government focuses on its hold, in the sense; less chance are given to the population to enroll in any participatory activities such as demanding their rights. United States follow the Federal Government, which works under the leadership of President, Vice-President, Congress and the Senate. This form of rule is the dominant trait of United States. Every citizen is subjected to obey the three governing bodies such as [1].The Federal Government, [2]. The State and [3] County. The State Government has its own responsibilities. The events taking place within a concerned state should come under the supervision of the State it self. The events or matters include property regulations, industry, business, and other public necessities and finally the criminal section of that particular state. The aim of the Federal Government is to look at the State as a republic and at the same time the State should not make a move in contradiction o the rules or laws of the Federal Government. The State Government on the Whole is looked upon